The Rise of Nationalism in Europe
During the nineteenth century, nationalism emerged as a force which brought about sweeping
changes in the political and mental world of Europe. The end result of these changes was the
emergence of the nation-state in place of the multi-national dynastic empires of Europe.
The concept and practices of a modern state, in which a centralized power exercised sovereign
control over a clearly defined territory, had been developing over a long period of time in Europe.
But a nation-state was one in which the majority of its citizens, and not only its rulers, came to
develop a sense of common identity and shared history or descent.
This commonness did not exist from time immemorial; it was forged through struggles, through
the actions of leaders and the common people.
Some Important Terms
Absolutist – Literally, a government or system of rule that has no restraints on the power
exercised. In history, the term refers to a form of monarchical government that was centralized,
militarized and repressive
Utopian – A vision of a society that is so ideal that it is unlikely to actually exist
Plebiscite – A direct vote by which all the people of a region are asked to accept or reject
a proposal
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